As part of a wider ceasefire accord, Israel has suggested that senior Hamas leaders leave Gaza, two people familiar with the continuing international discussions told.
The unprecedented offer, which hasn’t been made public before, comes as Israel has been having difficulty accomplishing its declared objective of annihilating Hamas. Israel claims that 70% of Hamas’s fighting force remains intact despite its nearly four-month-long assault in Gaza, and it has failed to apprehend or kill any of the organization’s most senior officials.
While removing the top Hamas officials from Gaza would allow them to leave the region safely and allow Israel to continue pursuing valuable targets overseas, it would also diminish Hamas’ hold on the war-torn region.
It is known that senior Hamas officials reside outside of the Palestinian territory in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, and Doha, Qatar. An important Hamas commander was killed in a Beirut Israeli attack earlier this month.
According to one official familiar with the discussions, Israel’s intelligence chief, Mossad Director David Barnea, has at least twice this month in Warsaw and this month in Doha with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, discussed Israel’s proposal that Hamas leaders could leave Gaza as part of broader ceasefire negotiations. However, it is unlikely to be accepted by Hamas.
It also coincides with a frenzy of diplomatic action aimed at bringing about a protracted cessation of hostilities and the release of captives thought to be in Gaza. Brett McGurk, the top White House negotiator for the Middle East, is visiting Egypt and Qatar this week to hold additional discussions.
Although the current talks between Israel and Hamas are hopeful, American and international officials who are aware of the negotiations have stated that a solution does not seem imminent.
Pressure on Netanyahu
Pressure is building on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to deliver some kind of resolution. The “complete victory” over Hamas that he has called for is a long way off, by his own admission. Meanwhile, anger among Israelis has grown over the inability of the government to bring home the more than 100 hostages being held in Gaza.
Israel is “not achieving their military objectives,” says Aaron David Miller, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. That, combined with the “enormous pressure” on Netanyahu and his government to bring hostages home, Miller said, has created a situation where Israel would be willing to propose having Hamas leaders leave Gaza.
“I think they’re simply bumping up against against reality,” said Miller. “And hostage families are beginning to exert tremendous influence.”
In addition, international sentiment toward Israel has soured over its continued bombardment of Gaza, which has killed more than 25,000 Palestinians, according to the Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry.
For the past two months, the Biden administration has been openly calling on Israel to transition to a lower-intensity phase of the conflict, which US officials argue has started happening, though intense operations continue in southern Gaza.
Proposal ‘would never work’
The proposal for Hamas leaders to leave Gaza was raised in Warsaw in December by Barnea, Israel’s top intelligence official when he met with US CIA Director Bill Burns and Qatari Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al Thani, who has acted as an intermediary with Hamas. The official familiar with the discussions in the meetings said it was brought up again when Blinken was in the Qatari capital earlier this month.
In that meeting Blinken was told by al Thani that the Israeli idea “would never work,” the official said. In part because of distrust by Hamas that Israel would end its operations against Hamas in Gaza even after its leadership left.
A second official, from the Middle East, was told about Israel’s proposal by the US.
The US State Department, CIA, and the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office all declined to comment.
While it’s unclear whether in private discussions Israel has named which Hamas leaders they would hope to leave Gaza, there is no bigger target than Yahya Sinwar, Hamas’ top official in Gaza. Sinwar is a “dead man walking,” Netanyahu and others have said.
Sinwar spent two decades in Israeli prisons and is originally from Khan Younis in southern Gaza, where the bulk of Israel’s operations in Gaza are currently focused. Israeli and US officials have said they believe Sinwar could be hiding out in the vast, deep network of tunnels under the city, Gaza’s second biggest.
His closest confidantes and aides are Mohammed Deif, the leader of Hamas’ armed wing, along with Deif’s deputy Marwan Issa. Sinwar’s brother Mohammed is also a senior Hamas commander. None are believed to have been found or killed by Israel.
Last month Israel dropped leaflets on Gaza offering rewards of hundreds of thousands of dollars for information on the Hamas leaders, including a $400,000 reward for information on Sinwar.
“The goal is bringing down Hamas as the ruler in the Gaza Strip,” said Ofer Shelah, a senior researcher at Israel’s Institute for National Security Studies.
“There is no difference if [Sinwar] dies, or if he leaves,” Shelah said. “If he dies, then somebody could take over much in the same way. If we bring all the hostages back and Sinwar leaves, definitely that would make most people in Israel feel that we’ve won the war.”
American officials believe it is highly unlikely Sinwar and those around him would agree to leave Gaza, preferring instead to die fighting their sworn enemy.
Israel vows to hunt Hamas globally
Israel has made no secret of its intention to continue hunting Hamas leaders long after the war is over.
Netanyahu said in November he had “instructed the Mossad to act against the heads of Hamas wherever they are.” Ronen Bar, the director of Israel’s domestic security agency Shin Bet, has vowed to “eliminate Hamas” around the world, even if it takes years.
“Everywhere: in Gaza, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Qatar, everywhere,” Bar said in a recording aired in early December by Israel’s public broadcaster, Kan.
Sinwar could perhaps be convinced to leave, Miller argued, if Israel were to agree to an “asymmetrical” trade of many times more Palestinian prisoners held by Israel than Israeli hostages.
“I think he would only consider it in the event the Israelis also agreed to free all of the Palestinian prisoners,” Miller said.
“Whatever the Israelis agree to, Sinwar must know that they’re going to try to kill him,” he added. “Weeks, months years.”